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Key technical innovations in the construction of Baihetan Hydropower Station Project

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2023年 第10卷 第2期   页码 367-372 doi: 10.1007/s42524-023-0253-5

摘要： Key technical innovations in the construction of Baihetan Hydropower Station Project

关键词： ultra-high arch dam     columnar jointed basalt     low-heat cement concrete     temperature controlled crack prevention     million-kilowatt unit     intelligent construction    

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Technology improvements and management innovations in construction of Xiluodu hydropower station on Jinsha River

Qixiang FAN

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2017年 第4卷 第2期   页码 231-237 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2017103

摘要： Hongtao ZHOU, Hongwei WANG, Wei ZENG. [J]. Front. Eng, 2018, 5(1): 78-87.Peter REDFERN, Hua ZHONG. [J]. Front. Eng, 2017, 4(2): 193-200.Ming-zhou Liu,Cong-hu Liu,Mao-gen Ge,Yuan Zhang,Qing-hua Zhu. [J]. Front. Eng, 2016, 3(2): 144-146.Chong-guang Feng,Hao Hu,Feng Xu,Jian Yang. [J]. Front. Eng, 2015, 2(2): 178-181.Yu Zhao,Sheng-quan Wang,Ke-chao Zhu. [J]. Front. Eng, 2015, 2(1): 35-38.Ru-gui Chen,Jia-meng Chen. [J]. Front. Eng, 2014, 1(1): 52-61.An Wang. [J]. Front. Eng, 2014, 1(1): 13-17.

关键词： super-high arch dam     intelligent construction     mass concrete temperature control     structure behavior control     anti-erosion concrete     low-heat portland cement     large-discharge and high-velocity spillway tunnels     large scale underground powerhouse     green hydropower station     sustainable development     Xiluodu hydropower station    

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Recovery of waste heat in cement plants for the capture of CO

Ruifeng DONG, Zaoxiao ZHANG, Hongfang LU, Yunsong YU

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第1期   页码 104-111 doi: 10.1007/s11705-011-1166-0

摘要： Large amounts of energy are consumed during the manufacturing of cement especially during the calcination process which also emits large amounts of CO . A large part of the energy used in the making of cement is released as waste heat. A process to capture CO by integrating the recovery and utilization of waste heat has been designed. Aspen Plus software was used to calculate the amount of waste heat and the efficiency of energy utilization. The data used in this study was based on a dry process cement plant with a 5-stage preheater and a precalciner with a cement output of 1 Mt/y. According to the calculations: 1) the generating capacity of the waste heat recovery system is 4.9 MW. 2) The overall CO removal rate was as high as 78.5%. 3) The efficiency of energy utilization increased after the cement producing process was retrofitted with this integrated design.

关键词： cement industry     waste heat     recovery     utilization     CO2 removal    

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Study of bond strength between various grade of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) and Portland PozzolaneCement (PPC) mixes and different diameter of TMT bars by using pullout test

A D POFALE, S P WANJARI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第1期   页码 39-45 doi: 10.1007/s11709-013-0193-y

摘要： Since last two decades, the Portland Pozzolane Cement (PPC) is extensively used in structural concrete. But, till to date, a few literature is available on bond strength of concrete using PPC mixes. There are many literatures available on bond strength of concrete mixes using Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC). Hence, a comparative study was conducted on bond strength between OPC and PPC mixes. In the present investigation, total 24 samples consisting of M20, M35 and M50 grades of concrete and 16 and 25 mm diameter of TMT bar were tested for 7 and 28 days. The pullout bond test was conducted on each specimen as per IS: 2770-1967/1997 [1] and the results were observed at 0.25 mm slip at loaded end called as critical bond stress and at maximum bond load called as maximum bond stress. It was observed that the critical bond strength of PPC mixes is 10% higher than OPC mixes. Whereas, marginal improvement was noticed in maximum bond strength of PPC mixes. Hence, based on these findings, it could be concluded that development length for PPC mixes could be reduced by 10% as compared with same grade of OPC mixes.

关键词： bond strength     Portland Pozzolane Cement (PPC) concrete     Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) concrete     bond between concrete and steel     pullout test     development length    

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Long-Term Performance and Microstructural Characterization of Dam Concrete in the Three Gorges Project

Chen Lyu,Cheng Yu,Chao Lu,Li Pan,Wenwei Li,Jiaping Liu,

《工程（英文）》 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.04.017

摘要： This study investigates the long-term performance of laboratory dam concrete in different curing environments over ten years and the microstructure of 17-year-old laboratory concrete and actual concrete cores drilled from the Three Gorges Dam. The mechanical properties of the laboratory dam concrete, whether cured in natural or standard environments, continued to improve over time. Furthermore, the laboratory dam concrete exhibited good resistance to diffusion and a refined microstructure after 17 years. However, curing and long-term exposure to the local natural environment reduced the frost resistance. Microstructural analyses of the laboratory concrete samples demonstrated that moderate-heat cement and fine fly ash (FA) particles were almost fully hydrated to form compact microstructures consisting of large quantities of homogeneous C-(A)-S-H gels and a few crystals. No obvious interfacial transition zones were observed in the microstructure owing to the long-term pozzolanic reaction. This dense and homogenous microstructure was the crucial reason for the excellent long-term performance of the dam concrete. A high FA volume also played a significant role in the microstructural densification and performance growth of dam concrete at a later age. The concrete drilled from the dam surface exhibited a loose microstructure with higher microporosity, indicating that concrete directly exposed to the actual service environment suffered degradation caused by water and wind attacks. In this study, both macro performance and microstructural analyses revealed that the application of moderate-heat cement and FA resulted in a dense and homogenous microstructure, which ensured the excellent long-term performance of concrete from the Three Gorges Dam after 17 years. Long-term exposure to an actual service environment may lead to microstructural degradation of the concrete surface. Therefore, the retained long-term dam concrete samples need to be further researched to better understand its microstructural evolution and development of its properties.

关键词： Three Gorges Dam     Long-term performance     Microstructural analysis     Moderate-heat cement     Fly ash    

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Experimental study and field application of calcium sulfoaluminate cement for rapid repair of concrete

Yanhua GUAN, Ying GAO, Renjuan SUN, Moon C. WON, Zhi GE

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第3期   页码 338-345 doi: 10.1007/s11709-017-0411-0

摘要： The fast-track repair of deteriorated concrete pavement requires materials that can be placed, cured, and opened to the traffic in a short period. Type III cement and Calcium Sulfoaluminate (CSA) cement are the most commonly used fast-setting hydraulic cement (FSHC). In this study, the properties of Type III and CSA cement concrete, including compressive strength, coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and shrinkage were evaluated. The test results indicate that compressive strength of FSHC concrete increased rapidly at the early age. CSA cement concrete had higher early-age and long term strength. The shrinkage of CSA cement concrete was lower than that of Type III cement concrete. Both CSA and Type III cement concrete had similar CTE values. Based on the laboratory results, the CSA cement was selected as the partial-depth rapid repair material for a distressed continuously reinforced concrete pavement. The data collected during and after the repair show that the CSA cement concrete had good short-term and long-term performances and, therefore, was suitable for the rapid repair of concrete pavement.

关键词： Calcium Sulfoaluminate (CSA) cement     Type III cement     coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE)     shrinkage     rapid repair    

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Characterization of 3D microstructure, thermal conductivity, and heat flow of cement-based foam using

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第3期   页码 643-651 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0709-9

摘要： This study presents the results of the 3D microstructure, thermal conductivity, and heat flow in cement-based foams and examines their changes with a range of densities. Images were captured using X-ray micro computed tomography (micro-CT) imaging technique on cement-based foam samples prepared with densities of 400, 600, and 800 kg/m3. These images were later simulated and quantified using 3D data visualization and analysis software. Based on the analysis, the pore volume of 11000 µm3 was determined across the three densities, leading to optimal results. However, distinct pore diameters of 15 µm for 800 kg/m3, and 20 µm for 600 and 400 kg/m3 were found to be optimum. Most of the pores were spherical, with only 10% appearing elongated or fractured. In addition, a difference of 15% was observed between the 2D and 3D porosity results. Moreover, a difference of 5% was noticed between the experimentally measured thermal conductivity and the numerically predicted value and this variation was constant across the three cast densities. The 3D model showed that heat flows through the cement paste solids and with an increase in porosity this flow reduces.

关键词： 3D pore volume distribution     X-ray tomography     3D shape factor     heat flow    

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Long term performance of recycled concrete beams with different water–cement ratio and recycled aggregate

Jingwei YING; Feiming SU; Shuangren CHEN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第3期   页码 302-315 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0803-7

摘要： The purpose of this study is to reveal the service performance of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) components for different values of water−cement ratio and replacement rate of recycled coarse aggregate (RCA). Generally, the concrete strength decreases with the increase of the replacement rate of RCA, in order to meet the strength requirements when changing the replacement rate of RCA, it is necessary to change the water−cement ratio at the same time. Therefore, the axial compressive strengths of prism with 25 mix proportions, the short-term mechanical properties and long-term deformation properties of reinforced concrete beams were tested respectively by changing water−cement ratio and RCA replacement rate. The bearing capacity and the strain nephogram of samples under different loads were obtained using the Digital Image Correlation (DIC) method, and a self-made gravity loading experimental device was used for long-term deformation investigation. Results showed that the damage pattern of RAC was the same as that of natural aggregate concrete (NAC), but the brittleness was more pronounced. The brittleness of concrete before failure can be reduced more effectively by adjusting the replacement rate of RCA than by adjusting the water−cement ratio. The water−cement ratio has an evident influence on the axial compressive strength and early creep of concrete, while the replacement rate of RCA has a remarkable effect on the long-term deformation of the concrete beams.

关键词： recycled concrete     beam     the replacement rate of recycled coarse aggregate     water–cement ratio     digital image correlation    

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关于水泥混凝土发展方向的几点认识

唐明述

《中国工程科学》 2002年 第4卷 第1期   页码 41-46

摘要：

根据在加拿大观察到的重大混凝土工程破坏实例，反复强调我国在基建工程中必须十分重视耐久性问题。为实现可持续发展，应逐步将水泥工业转变为"绿色胶凝材料工业"。阐述了根据混凝土的技术进步重新审议水泥的标准与组成。最后建议把水泥的生产、流通与使用协调起来，以获得更大的经济和社会效益。

关键词： 水泥     混凝土     耐久性     分类     混合材     标准    

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Recent developments in the application of oil palm fibers in cement composites

Emmanuel Owoichoechi MOMOH, Adelaja Israel OSOFERO

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第1期   页码 94-108 doi: 10.1007/s11709-019-0576-9

摘要： Fibers obtained from different parts of the oil palm tree (Elaeis guineensis) have been under investigation for possible use in construction. Studies have been carried out investigating the engineering properties and possible applications of these fibers. However, the experimental methods employed and the values of mechanical and physical properties recorded by various authors are inconsistent. It has therefore become necessary to organize information which would be useful in the design of oil palm fiber cement composites and help researchers and engineers make informed decisions in further research and application. This review provides information about fibers from different parts of the oil palm, their properties, enhancement techniques, current and potential application in cement composites.

关键词： broom     cement composite     concrete     oil palm fiber     Natural fiber-concrete     sustainability    

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Experimental study on mechanical properties of a novel micro-steel fiber reinforced magnesium phosphate cement-basedconcrete

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第4期   页码 1047-1057 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0755-3

摘要： Magnesium phosphate cement (MPC) received increased attention in recent years, but MPC-based concrete is rarely reported. The micro-steel fibers (MSF) were added to MPC-based concrete to enhance its ductility due to the high brittleness in tensile and flexural strength properties of MPC. This paper investigates the effect of MSF volume fraction on the mechanical properties of a new pattern of MPC-based concrete. The temperature development curve, fluidity, cubic compressive strength, modulus of elastic, axial compressive strength, and four-point flexural strength were experimentally studied with 192 specimens, and a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) test was carried out after the specimens were failed. Based on the test results, the correlations between the cubic compressive strength and curing age, the axial and cubic compressive strength of MPC-based concrete were proposed. The results showed that with the increase of MSF volume fraction, the fluidity of fresh MPC-based concrete decreased gradually. MSF had no apparent influence on the compressive strength, while it enhanced the four-point flexural strength of MPC-based concrete. The four-point flexural strength of specimens with MSF volume fraction from 0.25% to 0.75% were 12.3%, 21.1%, 24.6% higher than that of the specimens without MSF, respectively.

关键词： magnesium phosphate cement-based concrete     micro-steel fibers     four-point flexural strength     compressive strength    

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Appraising the potential of calcium sulfoaluminate cement-based grouts in simulated permafrost environments

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第5期   页码 722-731 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0950-5

摘要： The aim of this study is to appraise the potential of calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) cement-based grouts in simulated permafrost environments. The hydration and performance of CSA cement-based grouts cured in cold environments (10, 0, and −10 °C) are investigated using a combination of tests, including temperature recording, X-ray diffraction (XRD) tests, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests. The recorded temperature shows a rapid increase in temperature at the early stage in all the samples. Meanwhile, results of the TGA and XRD tests show the generation of a significant quantity of hydration products, which indicates the rapid hydration of CSA cement-based grouts at the early stage at low temperatures. Consequently, the CSA cement-based grouts exhibit remarkably high early strength. The UCS values of the samples cured for 2 h at −10, 0, and 10 °C are 6.5, 12.0, and 12.3 MPa, respectively. The UCS of the grouts cured at −10, 0, and 10 °C increases continuously with age and ultimately reached 14.9, 19.0, and 30.6 MPa at 28 d, respectively. The findings show that the strength of grouts fabricated using CSA cement can develop rapidly in cold environments, thus rendering them promising for permafrost applications.

关键词： permafrost     low temperatures     calcium sulfoaluminate cement-based grouts     hydration reaction     compressive strength    

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Fuel poverty and low carbon emissions: a comparative study of the feasibility of the hybrid renewableenergy systems incorporating combined heat and power technology

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第2期   页码 336-356 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0748-x

摘要： Fuel poverty is most prevalent in North East England with 14.4% of fuel poor households in Newcastle upon Tyne. The aim of this paper was to identify a grid connected renewable energy system coupled with natural gas reciprocating combined heat and power unit, that is cost-effective and technically feasible with a potential to generate a profit from selling energy excess to the grid to help alleviate fuel poverty. The system was also aimed at low carbon emissions. Fourteen models were designed and optimized with the aid of the HOMER Pro software. Models were compared with respect to their economic, technical, and environmental performance. A solution was proposed where restrictions were placed on the size of renewable energy components. This configuration consists of 150 kW CHP, 300 kW PV cells, and 30 kW wind turbines. The renewable fraction is 5.10% and the system yields a carbon saving of 7.9% in comparison with conventional systems. The initial capital investment is $1.24 million which enables the system to have grid sales of 582689 kWh/a. A conservative calculation determined that 40% of the sales can be used to reduce the energy cost of fuel poor households by $706 per annum. This solution has the potential to eliminate fuel poverty at the site analyzed.

关键词： greenhouse gas control     low carbon target     grid connected     renewable fraction     fuel poverty     combined heat and power     HOMER Pro    

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Hydration, microstructure and autogenous shrinkage behaviors of cement mortars by addition of superabsorbent

Beibei SUN, Hao WU, Weimin SONG, Zhe LI, Jia YU

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第5期   页码 1274-1284 doi: 10.1007/s11709-020-0656-x

摘要： Superabsorbent Polymer (SAP) has emerged as a topic of considerable interest in recent years. The present study systematically and quantitively investigated the effect of SAP on hydration, autogenous shrinkage, mechanical properties, and microstructure of cement mortars. Influences of SAP on hydration heat and autogenous shrinkage were studied by utilizing TAM AIR technology and a non-contact autogenous shrinkage test method. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was employed to assess the microstructure evolution. Although SAP decreased the peak rate of hydration heat and retarded the hydration, it significantly increased the cumulative heat, indicating SAP helps promote the hydration. Hydration promotion caused by SAP mainly occurred in the deceleration period and attenuation period. SAP can significantly mitigate the autogenous shrinkage when the content ranged from 0 to 0.5%. Microstructure characteristics showed that pores and gaps were introduced when SAP was added. The microstructure difference caused by SAP contributed to the inferior mechanical behaviors of cement mortars treated by SAP.

关键词： Superabsorbent Polymer     mechanical properties     hydration heat     autogenous shrinkage     microstructure    

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Structural characteristics of cement-stabilized soil bases with 3D finite element method

Yunfeng PENG, Yunlong HE,

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第4期   页码 428-434 doi: 10.1007/s11709-009-0059-5

摘要： Cement-stabilized soil bases have been widely used in expressways due to its high strength, appropriate stiffness, good water resistance, and frost resistance. So far, the structural characteristics and mechanical behaviors of cement-stabilized soil bases were not investigated so much. In this paper, the 3D elastic-plastic finite element method (FEM) was used to analyze the mechanical behaviors and structural characteristics of cement-stabilized soil bases from construction to operation. The pavement filling and the traffic loading processes were simulated, and a contact model was used to simulate the contact behavior between each layer of the pavement. Considering the construction process, the structural characteristics and mechanical behaviors of cement-stabilized soil bases were studied under asphalt-concrete pavement conditions. Furthermore, the general rules of deformations and stresses in cement-stabilized soil bases under different conditions were discussed, and some suggestions were put forward for the design and construction of cement-stabilized soil bases.

关键词： different     strength     asphalt-concrete pavement     FEM     appropriate stiffness    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Key technical innovations in the construction of Baihetan Hydropower Station Project

期刊论文

Technology improvements and management innovations in construction of Xiluodu hydropower station on Jinsha River

Qixiang FAN

期刊论文

Recovery of waste heat in cement plants for the capture of CO

Ruifeng DONG, Zaoxiao ZHANG, Hongfang LU, Yunsong YU

期刊论文

Study of bond strength between various grade of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) and Portland PozzolaneCement (PPC) mixes and different diameter of TMT bars by using pullout test

A D POFALE, S P WANJARI

期刊论文

Long-Term Performance and Microstructural Characterization of Dam Concrete in the Three Gorges Project

Chen Lyu,Cheng Yu,Chao Lu,Li Pan,Wenwei Li,Jiaping Liu,

期刊论文

Experimental study and field application of calcium sulfoaluminate cement for rapid repair of concrete

Yanhua GUAN, Ying GAO, Renjuan SUN, Moon C. WON, Zhi GE

期刊论文

Characterization of 3D microstructure, thermal conductivity, and heat flow of cement-based foam using

期刊论文

Long term performance of recycled concrete beams with different water–cement ratio and recycled aggregate

Jingwei YING; Feiming SU; Shuangren CHEN

期刊论文

关于水泥混凝土发展方向的几点认识

唐明述

期刊论文

Recent developments in the application of oil palm fibers in cement composites

Emmanuel Owoichoechi MOMOH, Adelaja Israel OSOFERO

期刊论文

Experimental study on mechanical properties of a novel micro-steel fiber reinforced magnesium phosphate cement-basedconcrete

期刊论文

Appraising the potential of calcium sulfoaluminate cement-based grouts in simulated permafrost environments

期刊论文

Fuel poverty and low carbon emissions: a comparative study of the feasibility of the hybrid renewableenergy systems incorporating combined heat and power technology

期刊论文

Hydration, microstructure and autogenous shrinkage behaviors of cement mortars by addition of superabsorbent

Beibei SUN, Hao WU, Weimin SONG, Zhe LI, Jia YU

期刊论文

Structural characteristics of cement-stabilized soil bases with 3D finite element method

Yunfeng PENG, Yunlong HE,

期刊论文